Artificial Intelligence 

A machine gaining an artificial brain

Artificial Intelligence or AI(as most people prefer to say) can be defined as the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and copy their actions. In simple words, a way of making a robot or computer act and think like a human being. Us humans learn from experience, machines with AI can also do that. Video games can be an example where AI is most commonly used, where the computer is made to act like another player. Even though AI is a huge achievement and an advantage for Human life, some people consider AI to be a danger to humanity if it progresses without any limit.

Types of AI

• Reactive machines: These AI have no memory and are task specific.
  
• Limited memory: These AI systems have memory, so they can use past experiences to inform future decisions.
• Theory of mind: This type of AI will be able to understand human intentions and predict behavior, which is a necessary skill for AI systems to become complete members of human teams.
• Self-awareness: AI systems of this category will have a sense of self, which gives them consciousness. Machines with self awareness will understand their own current state. This type of AI could pose a threat against humanity, if it ever exists.

Some points on the importance/uses of AI :

• AI converts repetitive(boring) learning and discovery through data.
• AI can do all risky things for us humans.
• AI is available 24/7.
• AI takes faster decisions.
• AI adds intelligence to existing products.
• AI adapts through progressive learning algorithms to let the data do the programming.

Uses of AI in different fields/areas/things :

• Security and Surveillance
• Sports and Activities
• Manufacturing and Production
• Video games
• Transportation 
• Healthcare
• Virtual Assistant
• Retail, Shopping and Fashion
• E-commerce 

Amazon Alexa 

Google Home

Google Assistant on Android mobile devices

These are some of the popular AI or Virtual AI devices.

Some facts about AI : 

• Most AI bots are female.
• Some products people buy are being suggested by AI.
• Stephen Hawking thinks AI will make a lot of jobs disappear.
• Humans are smarter than any type of AI, for now.
• By 2021, 80% of emerging technologies will have AI foundations.
• The wearable Artificial Intelligence market will reach $180 billion by 2025.
• China plans to use Artificial Intelligence to gain Global Economic Dominance by 2030.
• Microsoft is infusing AI into everything they deliver across computing platforms and experiences.
• The Artificial Intelligence of Google is much smarter than Siri's, according to three Chinese researchers.
• In 2017 Facebook researchers shut down AI bots after they started talking to each other in their own language unknown to humans.
• Everyday we are getting close to an era when AI robots might demand rights just like humans, which might cause a war between robots and humans. 

 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐎𝐍𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

• Online courses are available any time (for almost 24 hrs) to any student with a computer or any device and Internet access.
• Online students can study right from their homes, saving time, gas etc. i.e they don't need to walk to school and be late.
• Online education often costs less than regular method of learning.
• Online education feels like a new way of getting knowledge, studying from home almost makes it a whole new experience.
• Online education helps students get more knowledge about technical stuff by the daily use of electronic devices for online study. 
  
  
  
  

𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐎𝐍𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

• Learning through the internet is not sufficient as face-to-face interaction is not possible.
• During online tests students can easily cheat for they are in their territory and its impossible for teachers to figure it out.
• Connection problem can be a huge issue especially in the middle of an online class as many important lectures can be missed by the students.
• Due to connection problems or slow internet audio and video problems can occur or students can just lie to their teachers about having internet issues and disable the video or audio.
• Many students don't have internet access at their home which makes it harder for them to get online education.

TEEJ

Teej is celebrated by Nepalese and Indian Hindu women, who fast, worship lord Shiva and perform different musical activities all over the country.

Teej is a generic name for a number of festivals that are celebrated in Nepal, Northern and Western India. In Haryana, Haryali Teej is celebrated on the third day of the bright half of the Lunar month of Shraavana. Haryali means 'green', which refers to the lush plant growth, that the welcome rains of the monsoon season brings to the region. Teej celebrates the beginning of monsoon following the hot summer months. Teej refers to the third day that falls every month after the new moon, and the third day after the full moon night of every month.

During Teej Festival, Nepalese women will dress in their beautiful red saris, fast to honor Lord Shiva and pray for a happy marriage. The festivals of Teej are primarily dedicated to Goddess Parvati and her union with Lord Shiva. Nepali Teej Festival is the first grand festival coming at the end of the rainy season. At that time, the sky is clear and sunshine is cozy. Women celebrate Teej by dancing, singing, getting together with friends and telling stories. Only females receive a public holiday for this festival. 

The events would last for three days,

Day 1: Getting together to enjoy the fancy dinner
Day 2: Observing a one-day fast and praying to Lord Shiva for a good marriage
Day 3: Taking a holy bath

PROJECT WORK

Australia

Head of the state

Queen Elizabeth II

Capital city

Canberra

Currency

A$ (Australian dollar)

Population

24,752,643

(Twenty four million seven hundred fifty two thousand and six hundred forty three)

National Flag

Name of football players

1. Mathew Ryan : 8 April 1992 (age 26)

2. Milos Degenek : 28 April 1994 (age 24)

3. James Meredith : 4 April 1988 (age 30)

4. Tim Cahill : 6 December 1979 (age 38)

5. Mark Milligan : 4 August 1985 (age 32)

6. Matthew Jurman : 8 December 1989 (age 28)

7. Matthew Leckie : 4 February 1991 (age 27)

8. Massimo Luongo : 25 September 1992 (age 25)

9. Tomi Jurie : 22 July 1991 (age 26)

10. Robbie Kruse : 5 October 1988 (age 29)

11. Andrew Nabbout : 26 December 1992 (age 25)

12. Brad Jones : 19 March 1982 (age 36)

13. Aaron Mooy : 15 September 1990 (age 27)

14. Jamie Maclaren : 29 July 1993 (age 24)

15. Mile Jedinak (Captain) : 3 August 1984 (age 33)

16. Aziz Behich : 16 October 1990 (age 27)

17. Daniel Arzani : 4 January 1999 (age 19)

18. Danny Vukovic : 27 March 1985 (age 33)

19. Josh Risdon : 27 July 1992 (age 25)

20. Trent Sainsbury : 5 January 1992 (age 26)

21. Dimitri Petratos : 10 November 1992 (age 25)

22. Jackson Irvine : 7 March 1993 (age 25)

23. Tom Rogic : 16 December 1992 (age 25)

No. Of times world cup won

0 

 Programming 1

TO CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME OR NOT.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$

FOR I = LEN (A$) TO 1 STEP -1

B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)

C$=C$+B$

NEXT I

IF A$=C$ THEN

PRINT”GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME”

ELSE

PRINT”GIVEN STRING IS NOT PALINDROME”

END IF

END

Programming 2

TO ENTER ANY WORD AND REVERSE IT.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$

FOR I = LEN (A$) TO 1 STEP -1

B$ = MID$(A$, I, 1)

C$ = C$+B$

NEXT I

PRINT”REVERSE WORD IS”;C$

END

Programming 3

TO INPUT ANY STRING AND COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF VOWELS.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$

FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)

B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)

C$=UCASE$(B$)

IF C$=”A” OR C$=”E” OR C$=”I” OR C$=”O” C$=”U” THEN C=C+1

NEXT I

PRINT”NUMBER OF VOWELS=”;V

END

Programming 4

TO INPUT ANY STRING AND COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSTANTS.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$

FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)

B$=MID$(A$,I,1)

C$=UCASE$(B$)

IF C$< >”A” AND C$< >”E” AND C$< >”I” AND C$< >”O” AND C$< >”U” THEN C=C+1

NEXT I

PRINT”TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSTANT=”;C

END

Programming 5

TO INPUT NAME IN LOWER CASE AND DISPLAY IN UPPER CASE.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER NAME IN LOWER CASE”;A$

B$=UCASE$(A$)

PRINT”NAME IN UPPERCASE=”;B$

END

Programming 6

TO DISPLAY THE ASCII VALUE OF FIRST CHARACTER FROM THE SUPPLIED STRING.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”; A$

B$=LEFT$(A$,1)

C=ASC (B$)

PRINT”ASCII VALUE OF FIRST CHARACTER=”; C

END

Programming 7

WAP THAT ASKS ANY STRING AND COUNTS THE FREQUENCY OF LETTER ‘A’ PRESENT IN THE SUPPLIED STRING.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”; A$

FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)

B$=MID$(A$, I, 1)

C$=UCASE$(B$)

IF C$=’A’ THEN F=F+1

NEXT I

PRINT”FREQUENCY OF LETTER A IN SUPPLIED STRING=”; F

END

Programming 8

WAP THAT ASKS YOUR NAME AND COUNTS THE FREQUENCY OF CHARACTERS “A” OR”B” PRESENT IN THE SUPPLIED NAME.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY NAME”; A$

B$=MID$(A$, I, 1)

C$=UCASE(B$)

IF C$=”A” THEN C=C+1

IF C$=”B” THEN D=D+1

NEXT I

PRINT”FREQUENCY OF LETTER A AND B=”; C

END

Programming 9

TO PRINT ONLY ONE CHARACTERS “A” OR “B” FORM THE SUPPLIED STRING.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$

FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)

B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)

C$=LCASE$(B$)

IF C$ = “A” AND C$ = “B” THEN PRINT B$

NEXT I

END

Programming 10

WAP THAT ASKS ANY STRING VALUE AND DISPLAYS ONLY THE VOWELS FROM THE SUPPLIED STRING.

CLS

INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”;A$

FOR I = 1 TO LEN(A$)

B$=MID$(A$,I,1)

C$=UCASE(B$)

IF C$=”A” OR C$=”E” OR C$=”I” OR C$=”O” OR C$=”U” THEN PRINT B$

NEXT I

END

Dashain Experience

Dashain is the greatest festival of Hindu Religion. It is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Bikram Sambat annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese People, along with their diaspora throughout the globe. It is the longest and most anticipated festival in Nepal. The festival is celebrated for 15 days worshipping the Goddess Durga. It usually falls in the month of Ashwin or Kartik. about dashain, it is also regarded as one of the longest and biggest  festival of the year.

Ghatasthapana dashain

                                                     Ghatasthapana marks the beginning of Dashain. Literally, it means placing a kalasha or a pot, which symbolizes Durga. Ghaṭasthapana falls on the first day of the festival. On this day the Kalash is filled with holy water which is then covered with cow dung and sewn with barley seeds. Then the Kalash is put in the center of a rectangular sand block. The remaining bed of sand is also seeded with grains. The priest then starts the puja by asking Durga to bless the vessel with her presence. This ritual is performed at a certain auspicious time which is determined by the astrologers. The goddess is believed to reside in the vessel during navratri.



Phulpati

                   Phulpati is a major celebration occurring on the seventh day of Dashain.
Traditionally, on this day, the royal Kalash, banana stalks, Jamara and sugar cane tied with red cloth is brought by Brahmins from Gorkha, a three-day walk, about 169 kilometres (105 mi) away from the Kathmandu Valley. Hundreds of government officials gather together in the Tundikhel grounds in conventional formal dress to witness the event.ti is a major celebration occurring on the seventh day of Dashain.


'Maha Asthami'i

                                  An eighth day is called the 'Maha Asthami'. This is the day when the most fierce of Goddess Durga’s manifestations, the bloodthirsty Kali, is appeased through the sacrifice of buffaloes, goats, hens and ducks in temples throughout the nation. Blood, symbolic for its fertility, is offered to the Goddesses. Appropriately enough, the night of this day is called Kal Ratri (Black Night). It is also the norm for buffaloes to be sacrificed in the courtyards of all the land revenue offices in the country on this day. The old palace in Basantapur Hanuman Dhoka is active throughout the night with worships and sacrifices in almost every courtyard. On the midnight of the very day the Dasain Ghar, a total of 54 buffaloes and 54 goats are sacrificed in observance of the rites. After the offering of the blood, the meat is taken home and cooked as "prasad", or food blessed by divinity.


Maha Navami

                          The ninth day of dashain is called Mahanavami, "the great ninth day". This is the last day of Navaratri. Ceremonies and rituals reach the peak on this day. On this day, official military ritual sacrifices are held in one of the Hanuman Dhoka royal palaces, the Kot courtyard. On this occasion, the state offers the sacrifices of buffaloes under the gunfire salutes. This day is also known as the demon-hunting day because members of the defeated demon army try to save themselves by hiding in the bodies of animals and fowls.

Vijaya Dashami

                              The tenth day of the festival is the 'Dashami'. On this day, a mixture of rice, yogurt and vermilion is prepared by the women. This preparation is known as "tika". Often dashain tika time is different every year. Elders put this tika and jamara which is sown in the Ghatasthapana on the forehead of younger relatives to bless them with abundance in the upcoming years. The red also symbolizes the blood that ties the family together. Elders give "Dakshina", or a small amount of money, to younger relatives at this time along with the blessings. This continues to be observed for five days till the full moon during which period families and relatives visit each other to exchange gifts and greetings. This ritual of taking tika from all the elder relatives (even the distant relatives) helps in the renewal of the community ties greatly. This is one reason why the festival is celebrated with so much vigor and enthusiasm.

Kojagrata Purnima

                                     The last day of the festival which lies on the full moon day is called 'Kojagrata' Purnima. The literal meaning of Kojagrata is 'who is awake'. On this day Goddess Laxmi who is believed to be the goddess of wealth is worshiped as it believed that Goddess Laxmi descends on earth and showers whoever is awake all night with wealth and prosperity. People enjoy the night by playing cards and much more.

Tihar Experience

Tihar is the second main and five day long Hindu festival celebrated in Nepal. It is also known as Deepawali and Yamapanchak or Swanti. It is considered to be of great importance as it shows reverence to not just the humans and the gods, but also to the animals like crows, cows, and dogs that maintain an intimate relationship with humans. People make patterns on the floor of living rooms or courtyards using materials such as colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower petals outside of their house, called Rangoli, which is meant to be a sacred welcoming area for the Gods and Goddesses of Hinduism mainly Goddess Laxmi.

Kaag Tihar

On the first day of Tihar, crows are worshiped and fed early in the morning. Different types of dishes were cooked for crow. The dishes were kept at the top of the house.

Kukur Tihar

The second day is called Kukur Tihar. It is called the Khicha Puja by the Newars. People offer garlands, tika and delicious food to dogs and acknowledge the cherished relationship between humans and dogs.

Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja

The morning of the third day is Gai Tihar (worship of the cow). Cows are worshiped with sesame oil light, garland of flower and red color (abir). Cow is regarded as mother in Hindu religion.

n the evening Laxmi, the goddess of wealth is thanked for all the benefits that were bestowed on the families by lighting oil lamps (Diyo) or candles on doorways and windows to welcome prosperity and well being. At night the girls enjoy dancing and visiting all the houses in the neighborhood with musical instruments singing and dancing known as Bhailo all night long collecting money as a tip from houses and share the bounty amongst themselves.

From the third day onward Tihar is celebrated with Deusi and Bhailo with light and fireworks. Deusi is mostly sung by the boys while the Bhailo is sung by the girls. I also played Deusi with my friends.

Govardhan Puja

On the fourth day of Tihar, there are three different known pujas, depending on the people's cultural background. It is observed as Goru Tihar or Goru Puja. We also perform Govardhan Puja, which is done by making a hill of govardhan parbat using Cow dung.

Bhai Tika

The fifth and the last day of Tihar is Bhai Tika. Sisters put tika to the foreheads to their brothers to ensure the long life and thank them for  the protection they provide. Sister offers brothers Shaguns of  dry fruits especially walnut, hazelnut (Katus), fruits and sweets and in return the brothers give their sisters gifts and money.