Tuesday, November 21, 2017

 Programming 1

TO CHECK WHETHER THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME OR NOT.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$
FOR I = LEN (A$) TO 1 STEP -1
B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)
C$=C$+B$
NEXT I
IF A$=C$ THEN
PRINT”GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME”
ELSE
PRINT”GIVEN STRING IS NOT PALINDROME”
END IF
END


Programming 2

TO ENTER ANY WORD AND REVERSE IT.

CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$
FOR I = LEN (A$) TO 1 STEP -1
B$ = MID$(A$, I, 1)
C$ = C$+B$
NEXT I
PRINT”REVERSE WORD IS”;C$
END



Programming 3


TO INPUT ANY STRING AND COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF VOWELS.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$
FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)
B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)
C$=UCASE$(B$)
IF C$=”A” OR C$=”E” OR C$=”I” OR C$=”O” C$=”U” THEN C=C+1
NEXT I
PRINT”NUMBER OF VOWELS=”;V
END


Programming 4

TO INPUT ANY STRING AND COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSTANTS.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$
FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)
B$=MID$(A$,I,1)
C$=UCASE$(B$)
IF C$< >”A” AND C$< >”E” AND C$< >”I” AND C$< >”O” AND C$< >”U” THEN C=C+1
NEXT I
PRINT”TOTAL NUMBER OF CONSTANT=”;C
END


Programming 5

TO INPUT NAME IN LOWER CASE AND DISPLAY IN UPPER CASE.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER NAME IN LOWER CASE”;A$
B$=UCASE$(A$)
PRINT”NAME IN UPPERCASE=”;B$
END


Programming 6

TO DISPLAY THE ASCII VALUE OF FIRST CHARACTER FROM THE SUPPLIED STRING.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”; A$
B$=LEFT$(A$,1)
C=ASC (B$)
PRINT”ASCII VALUE OF FIRST CHARACTER=”; C
END


Programming 7

WAP THAT ASKS ANY STRING AND COUNTS THE FREQUENCY OF LETTER ‘A’ PRESENT IN THE SUPPLIED STRING.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”; A$
FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)
B$=MID$(A$, I, 1)
C$=UCASE$(B$)
IF C$=’A’ THEN F=F+1
NEXT I
PRINT”FREQUENCY OF LETTER A IN SUPPLIED STRING=”; F
END


Programming 8

WAP THAT ASKS YOUR NAME AND COUNTS THE FREQUENCY OF CHARACTERS “A” OR”B” PRESENT IN THE SUPPLIED NAME.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY NAME”; A$
B$=MID$(A$, I, 1)
C$=UCASE(B$)
IF C$=”A” THEN C=C+1
IF C$=”B” THEN D=D+1
NEXT I
PRINT”FREQUENCY OF LETTER A AND B=”; C
END


Programming 9

TO PRINT ONLY ONE CHARACTERS “A” OR “B” FORM THE SUPPLIED STRING.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY WORD”; A$
FOR I = 1 TO LEN (A$)
B$=MID$ (A$, I, 1)
C$=LCASE$(B$)
IF C$ = “A” AND C$ = “B” THEN PRINT B$
NEXT I
END


Programming 10

WAP THAT ASKS ANY STRING VALUE AND DISPLAYS ONLY THE VOWELS FROM THE SUPPLIED STRING.


CLS
INPUT”ENTER ANY STRING”;A$
FOR I = 1 TO LEN(A$)
B$=MID$(A$,I,1)
C$=UCASE(B$)
IF C$=”A” OR C$=”E” OR C$=”I” OR C$=”O” OR C$=”U” THEN PRINT B$
NEXT I
END

Monday, November 6, 2017

Dashain Experience

Dashain is the greatest festival of Hindu Religion. It is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Bikram Sambat annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese People, along with their diaspora throughout the globe. It is the longest and most anticipated festival in Nepal. The festival is celebrated for 15 days worshipping the Goddess Durga. It usually falls in the month of Ashwin or Kartik. about dashain, it is also regarded as one of the longest and biggest  festival of the year.

Ghatasthapana dashain

                                                     Ghatasthapana marks the beginning of Dashain. Literally, it means placing a kalasha or a pot, which symbolizes Durga. Ghaṭasthapana falls on the first day of the festival. On this day the Kalash is filled with holy water which is then covered with cow dung and sewn with barley seeds. Then the Kalash is put in the center of a rectangular sand block. The remaining bed of sand is also seeded with grains. The priest then starts the puja by asking Durga to bless the vessel with her presence. This ritual is performed at a certain auspicious time which is determined by the astrologers. The goddess is believed to reside in the vessel during navratri.



Phulpati

                   Phulpati is a major celebration occurring on the seventh day of Dashain.
Traditionally, on this day, the royal Kalash, banana stalks, Jamara and sugar cane tied with red cloth is brought by Brahmins from Gorkha, a three-day walk, about 169 kilometres (105 mi) away from the Kathmandu Valley. Hundreds of government officials gather together in the Tundikhel grounds in conventional formal dress to witness the event.ti is a major celebration occurring on the seventh day of Dashain.


'Maha Asthami'i

                                  An eighth day is called the 'Maha Asthami'. This is the day when the most fierce of Goddess Durga’s manifestations, the bloodthirsty Kali, is appeased through the sacrifice of buffaloes, goats, hens and ducks in temples throughout the nation. Blood, symbolic for its fertility, is offered to the Goddesses. Appropriately enough, the night of this day is called Kal Ratri (Black Night). It is also the norm for buffaloes to be sacrificed in the courtyards of all the land revenue offices in the country on this day. The old palace in Basantapur Hanuman Dhoka is active throughout the night with worships and sacrifices in almost every courtyard. On the midnight of the very day the Dasain Ghar, a total of 54 buffaloes and 54 goats are sacrificed in observance of the rites. After the offering of the blood, the meat is taken home and cooked as "prasad", or food blessed by divinity.


Maha Navami

                          The ninth day of dashain is called Mahanavami, "the great ninth day". This is the last day of Navaratri. Ceremonies and rituals reach the peak on this day. On this day, official military ritual sacrifices are held in one of the Hanuman Dhoka royal palaces, the Kot courtyard. On this occasion, the state offers the sacrifices of buffaloes under the gunfire salutes. This day is also known as the demon-hunting day because members of the defeated demon army try to save themselves by hiding in the bodies of animals and fowls.


Vijaya Dashami

                              The tenth day of the festival is the 'Dashami'. On this day, a mixture of rice, yogurt and vermilion is prepared by the women. This preparation is known as "tika". Often dashain tika time is different every year. Elders put this tika and jamara which is sown in the Ghatasthapana on the forehead of younger relatives to bless them with abundance in the upcoming years. The red also symbolizes the blood that ties the family together. Elders give "Dakshina", or a small amount of money, to younger relatives at this time along with the blessings. This continues to be observed for five days till the full moon during which period families and relatives visit each other to exchange gifts and greetings. This ritual of taking tika from all the elder relatives (even the distant relatives) helps in the renewal of the community ties greatly. This is one reason why the festival is celebrated with so much vigor and enthusiasm.


Kojagrata Purnima

                                     The last day of the festival which lies on the full moon day is called 'Kojagrata' Purnima. The literal meaning of Kojagrata is 'who is awake'. On this day Goddess Laxmi who is believed to be the goddess of wealth is worshiped as it believed that Goddess Laxmi descends on earth and showers whoever is awake all night with wealth and prosperity. People enjoy the night by playing cards and much more.

Tihar Experience

Tihar is the second main and five day long Hindu festival celebrated in Nepal. It is also known as Deepawali and Yamapanchak or Swanti. It is considered to be of great importance as it shows reverence to not just the humans and the gods, but also to the animals like crows, cows, and dogs that maintain an intimate relationship with humans. People make patterns on the floor of living rooms or courtyards using materials such as colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower petals outside of their house, called Rangoli, which is meant to be a sacred welcoming area for the Gods and Goddesses of Hinduism mainly Goddess Laxmi.

Kaag Tihar

On the first day of Tihar, crows are worshiped and fed early in the morning. Different types of dishes were cooked for crow. The dishes were kept at the top of the house.

Kukur Tihar

The second day is called Kukur Tihar. It is called the Khicha Puja by the Newars. People offer garlands, tika and delicious food to dogs and acknowledge the cherished relationship between humans and dogs.

Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja

The morning of the third day is Gai Tihar (worship of the cow). Cows are worshiped with sesame oil light, garland of flower and red color (abir). Cow is regarded as mother in Hindu religion.

n the evening Laxmi, the goddess of wealth is thanked for all the benefits that were bestowed on the families by lighting oil lamps (Diyo) or candles on doorways and windows to welcome prosperity and well being. At night the girls enjoy dancing and visiting all the houses in the neighborhood with musical instruments singing and dancing known as Bhailo all night long collecting money as a tip from houses and share the bounty amongst themselves.

From the third day onward Tihar is celebrated with Deusi and Bhailo with light and fireworks. Deusi is mostly sung by the boys while the Bhailo is sung by the girls. I also played Deusi with my friends.

Govardhan Puja

On the fourth day of Tihar, there are three different known pujas, depending on the people's cultural background. It is observed as Goru Tihar or Goru Puja. We also perform Govardhan Puja, which is done by making a hill of govardhan parbat using Cow dung.

Bhai Tika

The fifth and the last day of Tihar is Bhai Tika. Sisters put tika to the foreheads to their brothers to ensure the long life and thank them for  the protection they provide. Sister offers brothers Shaguns of  dry fruits especially walnut, hazelnut (Katus), fruits and sweets and in return the brothers give their sisters gifts and money.

Monday, August 14, 2017

Father's Day

                                  Father's Day

Father's day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. In Catholic Europe, it has been celebrated on March 19(St. Joseph's Day) since the Middle Ages. This celebration was brought by the Spanish and Portuguese to Latin America, where March 19 is often still used for it, through many countries in Europe and the Americas have adopted the US date, which is the third Sunday of June( June 17). It is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in the months of March of May. It complements similar celebrations honoring family members, such as Mother's Day, Siblings Day and Grandparents Day. A customary day for the celebration of fatherhood in Catholic Europe is known to date back to at least the Middle Ages, and it is observed on 19 March, as the feast day of Saint Joseph, who is referred to as the fatherly Nutritor Domini ("Nourisher of the Lord") in Catholicism and "the putative father of Jesus" in southern European tradition. This celebration was brought to the Americans by the Spanish and Portuguese, and in Latin America, Father's Day is still celebrated on 19 March. The Catholic church actively supported the custom of a celebration of fatherhood on St. Joseph's day from either the last years of the 14th century or from the early 15th century, apparently on the initiative of the Franciscans. Father's Day was not celebrated in the US, outside Catholic traditions, until the 20th century. As a civic celebration in the US, it was inaugurated in the early 20th century to complement Mother's Day by celebrating fathers and male parenting.

Monday, July 31, 2017

Impact of Computer on Scientific Research

              Impact of Computer on Scientific Research

Modern astronomy has been transformed by the computer sciences in a number of ways. Large computerized instruments now collect almost all our information about the universe. This data is deposited into large databases called Virtual Observatories. This data, unlike photographic plates in general, is made publically available on line so that researchers, whether professionals or amateurs, can access it. This has led to a re birth of amateur astronomy with significant contributions both by experts and interested publics. An example of this is the Berkeley Open Infrastructure Consortium (BOIC) which allows the public to be involved in research ranging for malaria and climate modeling to analyzing data from planets. 

A second impact has been the growth of computer simulations as a major way of developing scientific hypotheses, particularly in complex systems or systems with large numbers of particles. This has been particularly successful in cosmology and modeling the evolution of structure in the universe where we now have a self consistent simulation that models the universe from soon after the big bang to the present. Scientific simulations have acquired an independent status as verifiable hypotheses in astronomy. Some have called this development the End of Theory in the sense that in cosmology there is no compact description of the universe with predictive power (as is the case for instance in quantum mechanics or electricity and magnetism). Instead the hypothesis consists of a computer model, with a large number of built in physics and system descriptions, together with rules for calculation. Predictions of the simulation are then compared with data from large data bases, often in virtual observatories.

 The third impact has been the development of scientific visualization techniques for investigating and searching for correlations and patterns in large datasets. Analytic techniques coupled with visualization techniques are credited in leading to new discoveries (an example is the work of artist Donna Cox with the astronomer Colin Norman); there are a number of examples of visualization driven discovery in mathematics, and a field called Visual Mathematics, has evolved. The classical field of Image Science has been re invigorated with new possible connections to the arts.The result of these three development: large open data bases, simulation techniques, and scientific visualization have led to changes in both the content and methodology of modern astronomy.

 Certain problems could not be attached without modern computer science, hence the direction of research is modified, and the scientific method itself is changing with scientific simulations acquiring epistemological status.